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JANUARY

3 January - Summit meeting of representatives of three parties in conflict in Bosnia- Herzegovina started in Geneva. The meeting is attended by Radovan Karadzic, Mate Boban and Alija Izetbegovic and Presidents of FR Yugoslavia Dobrica Cosic and Croatia Franjo Tudjman. Co- Chairmen of the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia Cyrus Vance and David Owen submitted a draft agreement on cessation of hostilities, draft constitutional arrangement of Bosnia- Herzegovina and the map according to which it is to be divided into ten provinces.

4 January - Summit meeting in Geneva interrupted for the consultations of participants on the proposed Peace Plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina authored by Co- Chairmen Vance and Owen. New gathering was scheduled for 10 January.

6 January - President of FR Yugoslavia Dobrica Cosic addressed the nation. In a longer speech he presented his views on internal situation and the country's international position. He stressed that "a new state and national policy must be pursued", that "the outcome of the Geneva negotiations will decisively influence the political consolidation of the entire territory of the former Yugoslavia and the Balkans", and proposed the establishment of a "concentration government, government of national and state salvation, government of democratic unity of Montenegro and Serbia".

8 January - Dobrica Cosic, President of FR Yugoslavia, held a consultative meeting with leaders of parliamentary parties in the Federal Assembly to exchange opinions on the proposed Geneva documents on Bosnia- Herzegovina. President Cosic stated that "a high degree of agreement and mutual responsibility regarding common topics" has been achieved. After an incident, Vojislav Seselj, Serbian Radical Party leader, left the meeting.

Deputies of the National Assembly in Republika Srpska assessed that "proposed maps and constitutional principles (for Bosnia- Herzegovina) represent the initial material that needs further elaboration" and that "the Geneva conference should continue until final solution is found".

10 January - In the second round of elections for the President of the Republic of Montenegro Momir Bulatovic was elected after winning 158,772 votes (63.29% of those who voted); the other candidate, Branko Kostic won 92,045 votes (36.72%).

UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali said in the United Nations in New York that "Kosovo is an integral part of Serbia and UN action could be aimed at ensuring the autonomy of Kosovo, but for this Belgrade agreement is needed. In no way can the principle of inviolability of borders be brought into question", he said.

10- 12 January - The Conference on Bosnia- Herzegovina continued in Geneva. Delegation of FR Yugoslavia, led by President Dobrica Cosic, also included President of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic and President of Montenegro Momir Bulatovic. Representatives of Bosnian Croats Mate Boban and Muslims Alija Izetbegovic agreed with the Constitutional Principles for Bosnia- Herzegovina. Delegation of FR Yugoslavia endorsed the proposed Constitutional Principles, since they "guarantee full equality to the Serbian people and consensus of three peoples in Bosnia- Herzegovina". After he first refused the proposal, Radovan Karadzic later endorsed the Constitutional Principles, provided the Assembly of Republika Srpska within seven days endorses that agreement. Presidents Cosic, Milosevic and Tudjman agreed to continue negotiations on normalization of the Yugoslav- Croatian relations.

20 January - The Assembly of Republika Srpska at the session in Pale adopted nine principles on constitutional arrangement of Bosnia- Herzegovina proposed at the Conference on Former Yugoslavia in Geneva. The proposal was endorsed by 55 deputies, 15 voted against, while one deputy abstained.

22 January - Armed forces of the Republic of Croatia attacked the territory of the Republic of Srpska Krajina in so- called pink zones under the UNPROFOR control. The aim of attack was to seize the Maslenica bridge, Zemunik airport near Zadar and Peruca dam.

After the closed session of the UN Security Council, Ambassador Joshio Hatano, SC President, told the press that the Security Council "condemns the attack (of the Croatian armed forces) and demands that the offensive be immediately stopped and Croatian forces withdrawn to the starting positions". UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali regretted "unilateral action of the Croatian authorities which was a blow for the peace efforts of the United Nations".

23 January - The third round of negotiations on Bosnia- Herzegovina started in Geneva, with participation of Presidents Dobrica Cosic, Slobodan Milosevic and Franjo Tudjman, and representatives of three national communities in Bosnia- Herzegovina Radovan Karadzic, Alija Izetbegovic and Mate Boban.

25 January - Supreme Defense Council of FR Yugoslavia ordered raised combat readiness for certain units of the Yugoslav Army and ordered the Federal Government to undertake all necessary measures on the home and foreign plan.

At the constitutive session of the National Assembly of Serbia President of the Republic of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic was sworn into office. He proposed Nikola Sainovic for the mandator of the republican government. Zoran Lilic was elected the President of the Assembly. The Assembly verified all 250 deputy mandates.

The UN Security Council adopted resolution 802 in which it strongly condemned military attack by Croatian armed forces on the areas under the protection of UN peace corps, demanded the immediate cessation of hostilities and the withdrawal of the Croatian armed forces from these areas, demands that heavy weaponry seized from the UNPROFOR- controlled storage areas be returned immediately to UNPROFOR and demanded the disbanding and demobilization of the Serb territorial defense units and other units of similar function.

27 January - At the session behind the closed doors the UN Security Council adopted Presidential statement in which it said that the Security Council was extremely alarmed because the Croatian forces, in spite of previous strict warnings, continued with the offensive, and demanded from all warring parties to immediately stop hostilities and urgently fulfill all requirements from resolution 802.

29 January - Vice- President of the Yugoslav Federal Government Radoje Kontic sent separate letters to the UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali, Co- Chairman of the Conference on Yugoslavia Cyrus Vance, and President of the Security Council Joshio Hatano, in which he explained FR Yugoslavia's positions toward the present situation in the territory of ex- Yugoslavia.

30 January - At the negotiations in Geneva three parties in conflict in Bosnia- Herzegovina failed to reach agreement on all points of the Vance- Owen plan for the solution to the Bosnian crisis. All three sides signed constitutional principles for the future BH arrangement. Bosnian Croat leader Mate Boban also signed the peace plan and maps of the future provinces, Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic signed the peace plan, but not the maps, while Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian Muslim leader, signed neither the peace plan nor the maps. Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Yugoslavia David Owen and Cyrus Vance therefore decided that negotiations be continued in New York under the auspices of the UN Security Council.

FEBRUARY

5 February - Negotiations on the solution to the Bosnian crisis continued at the United Nations headquarters in New York with the first working meeting of Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Yugoslavia David Owen and Cyrus Vance and President of Republika Srpska Radovan Karadzic.

9 February - President of France François Mitterrand in an interview to the Paris "Le Monde" said that the Yugoslav crisis could not have been avoided, but that it had been necessary to have clear view of what was about to happen and that international institutions made the mistake of not settling the question of rights before recognizing certain former federal units.

10 February - US Secretary of State Warren Christopher reported that the US supports the negotiating process coordinated by Vance and Owen and that the US intends to engage more actively in the solution of the Bosnian conflict. US President Bill Clinton decided to appoint Reginald Bartholomew, former US Ambassador to NATO as special envoy of the US in the negotiations of the Bosnian crisis.

12 February - Vitaly Churkin, deputy foreign minister of the Russian Federation was appointed Russia's representative in the negotiations of the solution to the Yugoslav crisis.

19 February - The UN Security Council adopted resolution 807, by which UNPROFOR mandate in the UN protected areas and in "pink zones" in the Republic of Croatia was extended for the period until 31 March 1993. The resolution also demanded from all warring parties to observe all former SC resolutions and particularly insisted on strict implementation of resolution 802, which inter alia refers to withdrawal of the Croatian forces to their initial positions.

21 February - Former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in the Rome "La Stampa" said that the biggest mistake was the international recognition of Bosnia- Herzegovina which is made up of Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and of the Serbs and Croats who adopted Islam under Turkish occupation.

22 February - The UN Security Council adopted resolution 808 on the establishment of an international tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991.

25 February - The White House issued an official announcement of President Bill Clinton on the US action for direct delivery of humanitarian aid to endangered population in Eastern Bosnia by parachutes dropped from transport planes.

27 February - After the expiration of one- year mandate, which he did not extend "for private reasons", Indian General Satish Nambiar, UNPROFOR commander in former Yugoslavia, officially completed his mission.

28 February - Two US Hercules C- 130 transport planes, after taking off from the Rhein- Mein air force base near Frankfurt, dropped during the night one million flyers over the territory of Eastern Bosnia, explaining to the population the upcoming humanitarian action.

MARCH

2 March - Newly appointed UNPROFOR commander for the former Yugoslavia, Swedish General Lars Eric Valgren, assumed his office.

6 March - Since representatives of Bosnian Muslims Alija Izetbegovic and Bosnian Serbs Radovan Karadzic did not accept nor signed a part of the Vance- Owen peace plan referring to the maps, negotiations on the solution to the Bosnian crisis in New York were again interrupted.

11 March - Talks between French President François Mitterand, President of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic and Co- Chairmen of the Peace Conference on former Yugoslavia Cyrus Vance and David Owen on "peaceful denouement of the Yugoslav crisis, in particular the Bosnian conflict" held in Paris at the initiative of the French President.

18 March - At the scheduled continuation of negotiations on the solving of the Bosnian crisis at the UN headquarters in New York arrived representatives of Bosnian Croats and Serbs - Mate Boban and Radovan Karadzic: Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian Muslim leader told Co- Chairmen on the Conference on Yugoslavia that he would not attend the continuation of negotiations "because of attack of Serbian forces on Sarajevo and Srebrenica".

25 March - Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Yugoslavia David Owen and Cyrus Vance presented a modified peace plan for Bosnia, with minor corrections of provincial maps of provinces and an annex on interim arrangements and offered it to the delegations of Bosnian Serbs, Muslims and Croats for adoption. Mate Boban, representative of Bosnian Croats, and Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian Muslim leader, signed the complete Peace Plan. Radovan Karadzic, Bosnian Serb leader, refused to sign the Plan, since he considered the proposed maps unacceptable for Serbs, while the fourth additionally included section on the organization of authorities in the interim period, according to Karadzic is a recreation of the former Presidency and government that provoked war and that Serbian people refused.

26 March - Report of the Secretary General on the Activities of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia: Peace Talks on Bosnia- Herzegovina was released at the UN headquarters in New York. The report presents the activities of Co- Chairmen of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia Cyrus Vance and Lord Owen during the past seven months, positions of three parties in conflict in Bosnia- Herzegovina, including the integral text of the Vance- Owen Peace Plan.

The UN Security Council, after urgently convened session, issued a presidency communiqué which stresses that "the Security Council supports the action of parties that signed the Peace Plan and invites the remaining party (Bosnian Serbs) who failed to do so to sign the remaining three documents without delay".

Agreement was reached in Belgrade on cease-fire in the entire Bosnia- Herzegovina, due to come into force on 28 March at 12 noon. The agreement was reached between the representatives of the Republika Srpska Army, General Ratko Mladic and Milan Gvero, and highest UNPROFOR officials Lars Eric Valgren, Phillipe Morillon, Sedric Thornberry and UNHCR envoy Jose Maria Mendiluse. General Lars Eric Valgren departed for Zagreb to ensure agreement on the observance of cease-fire by the commanders of other two warring parties.

28 March - The cease-fire agreement, after being approved by the Muslim and Croatian parties in Bosnia- Herzegovina, came into force and with minor exceptions is observed throughout the territory of Bosnia- Herzegovina

US Secretary of State Warren Christopher stated that "it is not unlikely that some changes would be made in the text of the Vance- Owen Plan toward the demands of the Serbian side". However, if Serbs do not sign the Plan, new steps in terms of pressure on the Bosnian Serbs, Serbia and Montenegro will be undertaken in consultation with the allies.

29 March - At the joint session of the Chamber of Citizens and Chamber of Republics of the Federal Assembly Prime Minister Radoje Kontic elaborated the proposal of economic policy measures (in ten points), that would be applied in the conditions of sanctions by the international community.

30 March - Dobrica Cosic, President of FR Yugoslavia addressed the members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Security of the European Parliament in Brussels, presenting his analysis of the Yugoslav crisis, its causes and ways to the solution.

The UN Security Council adopted resolution 815, by which UNPROFOR's mandate in the territory of Croatia is extended for an additional interim period terminating on 30 June 1993.

31 March - The UN Security Council adopted resolution 816, which extends the ban on flights in the airspace of Bosnia- Herzegovina to all fixed- wing and rotary- wing aircraft. This ban would not apply to flights authorized by UNPROFOR.

APRIL

1 April - Vitaly Churkin, Russia's special envoy in negotiations on Yugoslavia and deputy foreign minister of Russia, talked about the situation in Bosnia- Herzegovina with Dobrica Cosic, President of FR Yugoslavia, Slobodan Milosevic, President of Serbia, Radoje Kontic, federal Prime Minister, and Vladislav Jovanovic, federal minister for foreign affairs.

2 April - Head of the Roman Catholic Church Pope John Paul II received in Vatican high representatives of the Serbian Orthodox Church - metropolitan Amfilohije and bishop Irinej, who delivered a letter by Serbian Patriarch Pavle. This is the first meeting of representatives of the two Churches at such a high level since the 13th century.

3 April - After a two- day session in Bileca, the National Assembly of Republika Srpska adopted the Declaration on the continuation of the peace process. The Assembly did not accept the part of the Vance- Owen plan on maps, supported the continuation of the peace process through direct negotiations of parties in conflict, condemned the policy of pressures and punishment and warned that it would stop all cooperation with international institutions if such policy of punishment for the Serbian People continued. Sixty eight deputies voted in favor of the Declaration, while one abstained.

4 April - The Government of FR Yugoslavia reviewed the results of the session of the Assembly of Republika Srpska in Bileca. The Government believes that the adopted Declaration confirms that Serbs in Bosnia- Herzegovina are firmly committed to continue the peace process, that the Vance- Owen Plan is a good base for further negotiations and that remaining unsettled issues referring to maps need not jeopardize the peace process.

6 April - Delegation of the Republic of Croatia and Republic of Srpska Krajina signed in Geneva the Agreement on the implementation of the UN Security Council resolution 802. The Agreements stipulates cessation of hostilities, withdrawal of armed forces of the Republic of Croatia to the demarcation lines before the outbreak of hostilities on 22 January 1993 and right of all for civilian use of the Maslenica bridge, Zemunik airport, Peruca dam and side roads. This agreement is due to come into force when Co- Chairmen on the Conference on Yugoslavia receive assurances of acceptance from all parties.

8 April - UN General Assembly decided to admit the Republic of Macedonia in its membership under the name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".

11 April - UN Security Council accepted Russia's proposal to postpone voting on introduction of new stricter sanctions toward FR Yugoslavia, to give opportunity to the Bosnian Serbs to sign the Peace Plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina.

12 April - The first fighter bombers and interceptors of the US, French and Dutch air forces flew from NATO bases in northern Italy in the flight control operation in the airspace of Bosnia- Herzegovina, acting under the mandate obtained by the Security Council resolution 816 to ensure compliance with the ban on flights in the airspace of Bosnia- Herzegovina.

14 April - US envoy Reginald Bartholomew and Russian envoy Vitaly Churkin talked in Belgrade with Presidents Dobrica Cosic and Slobodan Milosevic, Radovan Karadzic and General Zivota Panic in an attempt to overcome problems in the negotiations on Bosnia- Herzegovina. In the evening Reginald Bartholomew met in Zagreb with the Bosnian Muslim leader Alija Izetbegovic.

16 April - Armed conflict between the Serbian and Muslim forces broke out in Srebrenica. Over 50 persons were killed. This most serious violation of cease-fire in Bosnia- Herzegovina, according to some sources, was provoked by Serbs, who shelled Srebrenica from heavy artillery. According to the report by General Lars Eric Valgren, UNPROFOR commander in the former Yugoslavia, submitted to the UN headquarters, cease-fire was first violated by the Muslim forces, causing return fire from the Serbian forces stationed in the vicinity of Srebrenica.

17 April - UN Security Council adopted resolution 819, stating that the SC is deeply alarmed at the rapid deterioration of the situation in Srebrenica and its surrounding areas "as a result of the continued deliberate armed attacks and shelling of the innocent civilian population by Bosnian Serb paramilitary units" and demanding "that all parties and others concerned treat Srebrenica and its surroundings as a safe area which should be free from any armed attack or any other hostile act". The Security Council also demands "the immediate cessation of armed attacks by Bosnian Serb paramilitary units against Srebrenica and their immediate withdrawal from the areas surrounding Srebrenica". Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is requested "to immediately cease the supply of military arms, equipment and services to the Bosnian Serb paramilitary units in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina".

General Ratko Mladic, commander of the Republika Srpska Army and General Sefer Halilovic, commander of the Bosnian Muslim forces, in the presence of General Lars Eric Valgren as a mediator, at the meeting held at the Sarajevo airport, concluded an agreement on complete cease-fire in the Srebrenica area and demilitarization of Srebrenica, i.e. that Muslim forces turn over all their weapons to UNPROFOR within 72 hours. A Canadian squad within UNPROFOR was appointed to monitor the implementation of the agreement.

18 April - The UN Security Council adopted resolution 820 which sets forth rigorous economic blockade for FR Yugoslavia if Bosnian Serbs within nine days fail to sign the Vance- Owen peace plan. The resolution contains a detailed description of all measures that will be undertaken toward FR Yugoslavia, and steps that would ensure strict enforcement of the decision on the blockade of FR Yugoslavia. The resolution invites all states to strictly enforce these measures and calls upon them to bring proceedings against persons and entities violating the mentioned measures. In the resolution, the Security Council further undertakes "after all three Bosnian parties have accepted the peace plan and on the basis of verified evidence, provided by the Secretary General, that the Bosnian Serb party is cooperating in good faith in effective implementation of the plan, to review all measures in the present resolution and its other relevant resolutions with a view to gradually lifting them."

The Government of FR Yugoslavia issued a statement commenting the Security Council resolution 820, in which it "concludes with regrets that the Security Council, under the pressure of some of its members and under the influence of biased information, decided to increase pressure on FRY". Denying some statements in the resolution and explaining the activities undertaken by FRY toward "cessation of armed conflict and establishment of just and lasting peace", the Government of FRY stresses that it "remains firmly devoted to peaceful policy and political overcoming of the BH crisis on the basis of equal recognition of legitimate rights of all three constituent peoples. In this sense, FRY will continue to closely cooperate with the UN and its representatives."

On the occasion of resolution 820 Radovan Karadzic said that if announced sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro are implemented, Bosnian Serbs "will abandon peace negotiations and conference on the former Bosnia- Herzegovina".

20 April - Violent conflicts in central and western Bosnia near Vitez, Kiseljak, Jablanica, Mostar and Konjic between members of the Croatian Defense Council and Muslim forces.

22 April - The UN Security Council discussed the crisis in Bosnia- Herzegovina, in particular the latest hostilities between the Muslim and Croatian units. It adopted a presidency communiqué, expressing "grave concern and consternation of the Council" and "most strongly condemning this new outburst of violence which jeopardizes all efforts to maintain cease-fire and achieve political solution of the conflict in Bosnia- Herzegovina, and therefore urges Bosnian government forces and Croatian paramilitary units to immediately stop hostilities and strictly observe the cease-fire agreement.

23 April - Declaration of the Federal Assembly Concerning the Sanctions of the UN Security Council (of resolution 820) adopted at the joint session of the Chamber of Citizens and Chamber of Republics. Decision on sanctions is assessed as "an act which constitutes a direct attack on the sovereignty of FR Yugoslavia and grave infringement of all international legal and political documents on human rights and humanitarian norms". The Federal Assembly further emphasizes that FRY is not a belligerent party in the war in Bosnia- Herzegovina and that when deciding to tighten the existing sanctions and to impose new ones, the Security Council utterly neglected Yugoslavia's continuing peace finding efforts and contributions. Emphasizing the irrevocable orientation to the policy of peace and political solution of the crisis by peace and not by war, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia will organize decisively and by all means its defense if its sovereignty and territorial integrity are endangered. The Federal Assembly considers that it is most important now to establish peace in Bosnia- Herzegovina and to end negotiations on all open issues of the Vance- Owen Plan. Finally, it appeals to "all political and other public subjects to express full responsibility and manifest maximum unity under the challenges we are facing". The Declaration was adopted by majority vote, with 11 abstainees and no votes against. The Declaration was sent to the UN, EC, CSCE, peace negotiators, Serbs in Bosnia and parliaments of all countries.

At the session of the Assembly of Republika Srpska in Novi Grad, the deputies condemned UN Security Council resolution 820 as "an unjust and genocide act". The Assembly did not take a definite stand toward the Vance- Owen Plan, and instead authorized Radovan Karadzic to demand in direct contact with David Owen certain concessions and find solution that would be acceptable to Serbs.

24 April - After talking with David Owen in Belgrade for several hours, Radovan Karadzic rejected the proposed changes to the maps and establishment of corridors between the "Serbian" provinces and Serbia and stated that "the maps are so bad that they cannot be corrected, they must be changed".

At the joint session in Novi Grad, deputies of Republika Srpska and Republic of Srpska Krajina decided on the establishment of the common assembly of RS and RSK, which would include 82 deputies each from the two regions, which represents "a further step toward unification of western Serbian republics".

25 April - In the talks in Belgrade with participation of Presidents Dobrica Cosic, Slobodan Milosevic and Momir Bulatovic, David Owen and Radovan Karadzic, the latter did not accept suggestion by the three Presidents to sign the corrected Vance- Owen Peace Plan.

26 April - After unsuccessful talks and refusal of Radovan Karadzic to sign the Vance- Owen Plan, Presidents Dobrica Cosic, Slobodan Milosevic and Momir Bulatovic early in the morning (2 AM) via the federal foreign minister Vladislav Jovanovic, sent a message to the Assembly of Republika Srpska in Bijeljina in which they presented the essence of changes to the Peace Plan agreed with David Owen and the obtained guarantees. Presenting all relevant facts, the three Presidents expressed their "firm belief that the remaining unsettled issues of the so- called Interim Arrangements and maps could be solved more successfully through the procedure set out in the Plan, than by its refusal and continuation of confrontation and bloodshed." "At the time when equality and right to decision- making by consensus are guaranteed to you as a constituent nation, as well as the proposed territories, you have no right, reads the message, to endanger 10 million citizens of Yugoslavia and expose them to international sanctions for the sake of the remaining open issues, which are far less significant than the achieved results." At the end of the message the three Presidents stress: "We dare say we have as much right as you do to make decisions important for the Serbian people and therefore demand from you to respect our categorical stand and accept the Plan."

Slightly before 6 AM - the deadline set forth by the Security Council resolution 820 - the Assembly of Republika Srpska in Bijeljina with unanimous decision of deputies refused the demand for signing the Vance- Owen Peace Plan. The Assembly issued an appeal to the Serbian people, calling on them to "resolutely stand guard of the homeland, close the ranks and bring struggle to the close". The Assembly passed a decision to schedule a referendum at which the citizens of Republika Srpska would have their say about the Vance- Owen Plan.

After the Assembly of Republika Srpska decided that the Serbian party would not sign the Vance- Owen Peace Plan, the new regime of blockade and economic and political sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia automatically came into force at 6 AM on 26 April 1993.

US President Bill Clinton signed an executive order, by which blockade and sanctions against FR Yugoslavia start to be enforced.

27 April - Russian President Boris Yeltsin stated that Russia "will not protect those who confront the entire international community" and that "the party which refuses to endorse the peace plan documents must assume the burden of responsibility". Yeltsin expressed his hope that Bosnian Serbs, unlike their Assembly, will opt at the referendum for a "better balanced solution".

28 April - At the press conference in Belgrade, President of FR Yugoslavia Dobrica Cosic proposed urgent convoking of an international conference on Bosnia- Herzegovina, with participation of three belligerent parties, FR Yugoslavia, Croatia, heads of state or government of the five permanent Security Council members and of India, Egypt, Brazil and Zimbabwe. Secretary General of the United Nations and two Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Yugoslavia should also participate.

With majority vote, the Assembly of Serbia adopted as its Declaration the message sent on 26 April by three Presidents - Cosic, Milosevic and Bulatovic, to the deputies of the Assembly of Republika Srpska. This decision was adopted with 116 votes for, 62 against, while two deputies abstained. The decision was supported by deputies of all parties represented in the Assembly, with the exception of the Serbian Radical Party. The Assembly of Serbia also appealed to the deputies of the Assembly of Republika Srpska to "once again, without haste and with additional information, reconsider their decision".

The UN Security Council adopted resolution 821, reaffirming that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations, and therefore recommended to the General Assembly that FR Yugoslavia shall not participate in the work of the Economic and Social Council.

28- 29 April - After a two- day debate, the Assembly of Montenegro adopted with majority vote the conclusions, which express full support to the Vance- Owen peace plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina, principal positions, efforts and messages in the Cosic- Milosevic- Bulatovic letter to the Assembly of Republika Srpska. The Montenegrin Assembly "regrets the refusal of the Vance- Owen plan (by the Assembly of Republika Srpska), which seriously jeopardized all past efforts by Montenegro and FR Yugoslavia". The Montenegrin Assembly appealed to the Assembly of Republika Srpska to reconsider its Bijeljina decision. These conclusions were endorsed by the deputies of all parliamentary parties, except the Serbian Radical Party in Montenegro.

29 April - Radovan Karadzic and Momcilo Krajisnik accepted the proposal by Slobodan Milosevic and the Assembly of the Republic of Serbia to schedule a session of the Assembly of Republika Srpska, at which "all aspects of the proposed Vance- Owen plan would be discussed, including the latest information". Momcilo Krajisnik, the Speaker of the Assembly of Republika Srpska scheduled the session for 5 May 1993.

President of FR Yugoslavia Dobrica Cosic sent special messages to US President Bill Clinton and President of Russia Boris Yeltsin. Messages refer to the diplomatic initiative of Dobrica Cosic to convene an international conference on peaceful solution to the crisis in former Bosnia- Herzegovina.

UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali informed the President of the Security Council on the initiative put forward by the Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Yugoslavia Owen and Vance to convene an international conference for the solution of the Bosnian crisis in Athens, on 1 May 1993.

30 April - US President Bill Clinton, after longer consultations with political and military advisers, decided on "possible military engagement" in Bosnia- Herzegovina unless peaceful solution to the Bosnian crisis is reached. Secretary of State Warren Christopher set out on a several- day "ally enlisting" mission for President Clinton's plan. The trip includes visits to London, Moscow, Paris, Madrid, Rome, Brussels and Bonn.

MAY

1- 2 May - An international conference on the solution of the Bosnian crisis held in Athens. In addition to the host, Greek Prime Minister Constantin Mitsotakis, the conference participants included Presidents Dobrica Cosic, Slobodan Milosevic, Momir Bulatovic and Franjo Tudjman, leaders of three ethnic communities in Bosnia- Herzegovina Radovan Karadzic, Mate Boban and Alija Izetbegovic. Newly appointed Co- Chairman of the Conference on Yugoslavia Thorvald Stoltenberg, and US and Russian envoys for the former Yugoslavia Reginald Bartholomew and Vitaly Churkin joined David Owen and Cyrus Vance, who convened the conference. At the end of the meeting Radovan Karadzic, President of Republika Srpska, signed the Vance- Owen Peace Plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina, on condition that "the Assembly of Republika Srpska at its session on 5 May supports the decision of its delegation made here, in Athens, on 2 May 1993."

3 May - In a press release issued after the UN Security Council session it is stated that "members of the Security Council welcome the success achieved in Athens and the fact that now all three parties in the Bosnian conflict accepted the Vance- Owen Peace Plan". The statement further emphasizes that "the Security Council, at the emergency procedure, starting tomorrow, will review further preparatory actions necessary for the implementation of the Plan in practice."

4 May - The Federal Government of FR Yugoslavia reviewed the new situation and assessed the signing of the Vance- Owen Plan by President Radovan Karadzic as "a reasonable and thoughtful decision", expecting that it would be ratified by the parliament of Republika Srpska.

Croatian side agreed with the subsequently demanded guarantee of the delegation of the Republic of Srpska Krajina, which was its condition to accept the Agreement on the implementation of the Security Council resolution 802, signed on 6 April 1993. If the Assembly of the Republic of Srpska Krajina adopts the signed Agreement, cease-fire will come into force within four days, and within 10 days the Croatian forces would withdraw to the positions prior to 22 January.

5 May - Co- Chairman of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia Cyrus Vance turned over his duty to the newly appointed Co- Chairman, Swede Thorvald Stoltenberg.

5- 6 May - The Assembly of Republika Srpska, held on Mt. Jahorina, discussed the verification of Radovan Karadzic's signature on the Vance- Owen Peace Plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina. The session was attended by the Greek Prime Minister Constantin Mitsotakis, Presidents Dobrica Cosic, Slobodan Milosevic and Momir Bulatovic, who appealed to the deputies to accept the Plan. After a 17- hour debate, in early hours of 6 May the deputies of the Assembly of Republika Srpska refused to endorse the signature on the Vance- Owen Plan. With 51 votes for, two against and 12 abstained the Assembly confirmed its earlier Bijeljina decision to hold a referendum on 15 and 16 May, so that Serbian population will decide on the acceptance of the Vance- Owen Plan.

6 May - The Government of Serbia stressed that "the decision of the Assembly of Republika Srpska to shift the final decision on the Vance- Owen Plan to the people is an irresponsible act". The Government assessed that "since conditions for peace have been created, economic exhaustion of the Republic of Serbia is becoming unacceptable and unjustified and that assistance to Republika Srpska in the future should be limited to food and medicines, in the quantities to be determined by relevant ministries." "Republic of Serbia will always unselfishly offer shelter to the wounded, refugees and all endangered persons from the former Bosnia- Herzegovina, but it cannot tolerate that some leaders from that area comfortably and immodestly live in Belgrade, while offering to the people in Republika Srpska only their rigid policy of sacrifice and poverty."

The Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia decided to seal its border to Bosnia for strategic materials, except food and medicines.

The UN Security Council adopted resolution 824, declaring that the capital city of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, and other threatened areas, in particular the towns of Tuzla, Zepa, Gorazde, Bihac, as well as Srebrenica, and their surroundings should be treated as safe areas by all the parties concerned and should be free from armed attacks and from any other hostile act. In these safe areas the Security Council demands the immediate cessation of armed attacks or any hostile act and the withdrawal of all Bosnian Serb military or paramilitary units from these towns to a distance wherefrom they cease to constitute a menace to their security and that of their inhabitants.

8 May - Radoje Kontic, Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia, sent a letter to the UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali, Security Council President Ambassador Yuri Vorontsov, Prime Ministers of the five permanent Security Council members, Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia Owen and Stoltenberg and President of the Turkish government Suleiman Demirel. Kontic emphasized in the letters that "consequences of the possible military intervention in Bosnia- Herzegovina would be disastrous and unforeseeable" and therefore appealed for resistance to the "risky war option" and that all efforts and influence should be focused to "the continuation of the negotiating process, to which FRY will continue to give its full support and contribution".

General Ratko Mladic, commander of the Republika Srpska Army and General Sefer Halilovic, commander of the Muslim army in Bosnia- Herzegovina, in the presence of General Phillipe Morillon, signed a cease-fire agreement on the entire territory of Bosnia- Herzegovina along the demarcation lines between the Serb and Muslim forces. The cease-fire and cessation of all armed activities come into force on 9 May at 12 noon. They also signed an agreement on the establishment of safe areas in Srebrenica, Zepa and Gorazde, in accordance with the Security Council resolution 824.

10 May - The Security Council held an emergency meeting to discuss the situation in Bosnia- Herzegovina after the offensive of "the Croatian paramilitary formations against the Bosnian Muslims in the Mostar region". In the presidency communiqué, the Security Council expresses "grave concern and most severe condemnation of this action by the Bosnian Croats" and "demands that hostilities in the Mostar region and the surrounding areas stop immediately and the Croatian paramilitary formations withdraw to the initial positions".

14 May - Joint session of deputies in three assemblies - of FR Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, was held in Belgrade. Originally intended as the joint session of deputies of five parliaments, the meeting was attended by a three- member delegation of the Assembly of Republika Srpska and about 30 deputies of the Assembly of the Republic of Srpska Krajina "without the decision- making mandate". Deputies of the Serbian Radical Party, People's Party of Montenegro and the group of citizens from Zeljko Raznjatovic's list left the session. The present deputies unanimously accepted the Declaration on the Peace Plan for Ending of Civil War in the Former Bosnia- Herzegovina.

16 May - General Ratko Mladic, commander of the Republika Srpska Army, and Brigadier General Milivoje Petkovic, commander of the Croatian Defense Council, in the presence of General Phillipe Morillon, signed at the Sarajevo airport an agreement on cessation of hostilities, exchange of prisoners and killed Serb and Croatian soldiers. The cease-fire is due to come into force on 18 May.

16- 17 May - Referendum on the Vance- Owen Peace Plan held in Republika Srpska. According to the official report, 92 of registered voters went to the polls, of which 96% voted against the Vance- Owen Plan. The same percentage - 96% of those who voted approved the independence and freedom of association of Republika Srpska with other states, which was the second question on the referendum.

18 May - At the meeting of delegations of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Srpska Krajina in Topusko an agreement was reached on cease-fire and truce, which is due to come into force on 20 May. The two delegations also agreed to set up expert teams for negotiations of economic issues.

20 May - US President Bill Clinton stated that the US is not ready to send troops to Bosnia- Herzegovina "to fight on one side in the civil war". The main aims of the US are to prevent the spread of conflict and to protect innocent population from ethnic cleansing, and all actions will be undertaken through and in the agreement with the United Nations.

22 May - After several days of negotiations, ministers of foreign affairs of the US, United Kingdom, Russia, France and Spain adopted in Washington the Action Program for peace in Bosnia. The 13- point Program sets forth, among other things, the deployment of international observers on the borders between FR Yugoslavia and Bosnia- Herzegovina and between Croatia and Bosnia- Herzegovina, deployment of UNPROFOR in safe areas, strict control of the enforcement of the blockade against FR Yugoslavia until the fulfillment of the conditions from relevant Security Council resolutions, establishment of an International Tribunal for war crimes committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, introduction of sanctions against Croatia if it continues to provide support to the Bosnian Croat forces, increase in the number of international monitors in Kosovo, deployment of UNPROFOR in Macedonia to check the spread of war.

23 May - Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian Muslim leader, in his address to the citizens of Bosnia- Herzegovina pointed out that the new plan of the five foreign ministers on the cessation of hostilities in Bosnia- Herzegovina is "absolutely unacceptable and disastrous." "We will not bow and lose time in futile negotiations", said Izetbegovic, and invited the people "to unite and fight with all permitted means for the protection of independent, sovereign and integral Bosnia- Herzegovina".

President of Republika Srpska Radovan Karadzic said that "the Bosnian Serbs support the plan of five ministers, since it renders possible the continuation of the peace process".

24 May - Russia's special envoy for former Yugoslavia Vitaly Churkin arrived to Belgrade within a tour of "explaining" the Action Program for the achievement of peace in Bosnia. On the first day of his visit he met with President of FR Yugoslavia Dobrica Cosic.

Dobrica Cosic said that "the document by five ministers is a major step in the peace process", that "the most important thing now is to stop the war and bloodshed and immediately set out to find political solutions for the Bosnian conflict". However, President Cosic also pointed to negative aspects of the plan, above all to "determination to continue the enforcement of rigorous sanctions toward Yugoslavia".

The Cabinet of the Croatian President Franjo Tudjman stated that "the action plan by five leading UN Security Council members cannot be considered a sufficiently effective model for stopping the war and establishing the fair peace". According to this statement, warning to Croatia that sanctions may be imposed against it because of its assistance to the Bosnian Croats "obviously serves as an excuse for the failure of the international community and for shifting responsibility to those who did not contribute to the present situation".

25 May - Vitaly Churkin met with the President of the Republic of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic. President Milosevic said that the Washington meeting of five foreign ministers is "a major step toward deterring war from this region".

Vitaly Churkin met in Pristina the ethnic Albanian leaders. He said at the press conference that human rights in Serbia's province of Kosovo- Metohija must be respected, but that he big powers did not support ethnic Albanians' declaration on the province's independence. Secession of the province from Serbia and the FR Yugoslavia is out of the question, he said.

NATO defense ministers at the meeting in Brussels supported the Washington plan of five ministers as a short- term solution to stopping the Bosnian conflict, with the assessment that long- term and permanent peace depends on the implementation of the Vance- Owen plan.

The UN Security Council adopted resolution 827, establishing "an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia between 1 January 1991 and a date to be determined by the Security Council upon the restoration of peace".

27 May - President of FR Yugoslavia Dobrica Cosic met with the Command of the Yugoslav Army. The media at first reported that it was "a session of the Supreme Defense Council of FRY with enlarged composition". However, the Cabinet of the President of Serbia issued a statement on 28 May that "no session of the Supreme Defense Council of FRY took place yesterday", but only "a meeting of the President of FR Yugoslavia with top brass".

31 May - President of the Republic of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic and President of the former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia, Kiro Gligorov, met in Ohrid. They "exchanged opinions on current issues of interest for the political situation and stability in the region".

JUNE

1 June - The Assembly of FR Yugoslavia discharged FRY President Dobrica Cosic of his duties. This decision, taken by secret vote, was endorsed by 75 deputies, 34 voted against, while 10 ballots were invalid. The cause for discharge was previous voting in the Assembly on the initiative of the Serbian Radical party deputies for establishing the violation of the Constitution by President Cosic. In the Chamber of Citizens 77 deputies voted that President Cosic violated the Constitution, 22 deputies were against, and 24 abstained. In the Chamber of Republics, 22 deputies were convinced that the President violated the Constitution, while 13 abstained. Until the election of the new President of FRY this office will be performed by Milos Radulovic, Speaker of the Chamber of Republics.

At the joint session of both chambers of the Federal Assembly, debate on Yugoslavia's foreign policy and international position was on the agenda. Vladislav Jovanovic, federal minister for foreign affairs, delivered a keynote address. An incident occurred during discussion, when Branislav Vakic, Serbian Radical Party MP, in the lobby of the parliament building, injured Mihajlo Markovic, deputy of the Serbian Renewal Movement. The session was interrupted because of this incident.

1- 2 June - Several thousand people gathered in the afternoon on 1 June in front of the Federal Assembly building in Belgrade to protest the attack on deputy Mihajlo Markovic. The protest turned into a violent conflict between the gathered citizens and police forces. Policeman Milorad Nikolic was killed in the conflict, 32 persons sustained minor or serious injuries, among whom 13 policemen and some reporters. The police detained 121 persons, including Vuk Draskovic, leader of the Serbian Renewal Movement, his wife Danica and some deputies of the Serbian Renewal Movement.

2 June - On the occasion of his release from the duties of the President of FR Yugoslavia, Dobrica Cosic gave a statement to TANJUG in which he listed the results of his work during the year that he spent as the Yugoslav President, denied accusations that he violated the Constitution and presented his opinions on the reason why he had been replaced.

3 June - The UN Security Council adopted resolution 836, by which it extended the mandate of UNPROFOR in order to enable it to deter attacks against the safe areas referred to in resolution 824 and authorized UNPROFOR, acting in self defense, to undertake necessary measures, including the use of force, in reply to bombardments against the safe areas by any of the parties or the armed incursion into them or in the event of any deliberate obstruction in or around those areas to the freedom of movement or UNPROFOR or of protected humanitarian convoys.

9 June - Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Yugoslavia David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, talked in Belgrade with President of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic. Co- Chairmen stated that "the world is not giving up the Vance- Owen peace plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina, but it is liable to changes if all three belligerent parties in Bosnia agree".

The UN Security Council adopted resolution 838, requesting the Secretary General to submit to the Council as soon as possible a further report on options for the deployment of international observers on the borders of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, giving priority to the border between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, to monitor effectively the implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions on ban on import, export and transshipment through the areas in Bosnia- Herzegovina under the control of the Bosnian Serb forces.

11 June - At the session of foreign ministers of 16 NATO countries and 22 East European countries, a decision was passed, among other things, that NATO would provide air support to UNPROFOR after the UN demand. Serbs, Croats and Muslims in Bosnia- Herzegovina were invited to stop the war and start negotiations.

The Government of the former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia accepted UN proposal to deploy a contingent of 300 US soldiers within the UN protection force in Macedonia.

US Secretary of State Warren Christopher in an interview for "USA Today" said that many mistakes have been made during the course of the Yugoslav crisis, while the biggest one was rash recognition of independence of Croatia and Bosnia- Herzegovina, where "the Germans bear special responsibility for influencing and pressuring their colleagues from the European Community to do so".

15 June - At the joint session of both chambers of the Federal Assembly discussion continued on Yugoslavia's foreign policy and international position, which was interrupted on 1 June after the incident in the Assembly.

16 June - The first round of new negotiations on the solution to the Bosnian crisis started in Geneva, with the participation of Presidents Slobodan Milosevic, Franjo Tudjman and Alija Izetbegovic, Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg. Presidents Milosevic and Tudjman presented their joint initiative on thorough revision of the Vance- Owen plan which, among other things, contains proposals on division of Bosnia- Herzegovina into three provinces (Serb, Croatian and Muslim) within a common confederate or federal state of Bosnia- Herzegovina.

19- 20 June - Referendum held in the Republic of Srpska Krajina at which voters were asked to choose whether they are for (1) sovereign Republic of Srpska Krajina and (2) its unification with Republika Srpska and other Serbian lands. According to official data, 96,5% of citizens went to the polls, of whom 98,61% answered "yes" to the first question, and 93,79% to the second.

22 June - Heads of state or government of EC Member States adopted a Declaration on Bosnia- Herzegovina at the meeting in Copenhagen, in which they confirm their full confidence in Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia in their effort to attain just and fruitful solution, acceptable for all three constituent nations in Bosnia- Herzegovina, and favourably reply to the request of the UN Secretary General for manpower, equipment and finances for the establishment of safe areas for Muslims in Bosnia- Herzegovina. Participants of the meeting rejected Germany's demand for lifting arms embargo to Bosnian Muslims.

23 June - The session of the Presidency of Bosnia- Herzegovina was held in Zagreb, which decided that seven Presidency members (excluding Alija Izetbegovic and Ejup Ganic) should participate at the Geneva negotiations on the solution to the Bosnian crisis.

Negotiations on the solution to the Bosnian crisis, which started on 16 June, continued in Geneva. In addition to Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, the negotiations were held with the participation of the President of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic, President of Croatia Franjo Tudjman and seven members of the Presidency of Bosnia- Herzegovina. Alija Izetbegovic and Ejup Ganic did not participate. According to the information released after the session, the negotiations focused on the government arrangements for Bosnia- Herzegovina and proposed maps for the three provinces.

24 June - The statement of the UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali announced that the present UN peace force commander in former Yugoslavia, Swedish General Lars Eric Valgren, will be replaced by the French General Jean Cote on 1 July 1993. At the same time, the commander of UN peace forces for Bosnia- Herzegovina, French General Phillipe Morillon will be replaced by the Belgian General Francis Brickmond.

25 June - The Federal Assembly elected Zoran Lilic for the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the Chamber of Citizens, 92 deputies voted for Lilic, 11 were against, and three ballots were invalid. In the Chamber of Republics, 34 deputies voted for Lilic, and three ballots were invalid. After the election, FRY President Zoran Lilic was sworn into office.

The Chamber of Counties of the Croatian Parliament adopted Conclusions on the Current Political Situation. Among other things, the Conclusions emphasize: "Irrespective of all pressures, present and future, we resolutely reject any option and any possibility for any integration in the territory of the former Yugoslavia or any restoration of Yugoslavia. Croatia is willing to normalize relations with Serbia and Montenegro and so- called FR Yugoslavia and to establish good neighborly relations, provided Serbia, Montenegro and Yugoslavia recognize Croatia in its internationally recognized borders and publicly deny support to those forces in Croatia that are willing to separate a part of the Croatian territory."

25- 26 June - Yugoslav minister for foreign affairs Vladislav Jovanovic during his visit to the Russian Federation met in Moscow, among others, with the Russian minister for foreign affairs Andrei Kozyrev. Minister Jovanovic proposed suspension of sanctions toward FR Yugoslavia during negotiations on the solution to the conflict in Bosnia- Herzegovina. Minister Kozyrev stated that Russia favorably assesses Yugoslavia's peace efforts and that this initiative should be supported. Minister Jovanovic invited Boris Yeltsin, President of the Russian Federation, to visit Belgrade.

28- 29 June - Talks about the solution to the Bosnian conflict continued in Geneva. Co- Chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Owen and Stoltenberg, talked separately with seven members of the BH Presidency, and then attended the meeting between Radovan Karadzic and Mate Boban. Representatives of Republika Srpska and the Community of Herzeg- Bosnia agreed on the document on "interim arrangements" for Bosnia- Herzegovina for Bosnia- Herzegovina, which set forth in detail the role and organization of the coordinating body, boundary commission, future international borders, role and organization of police forces, international access authority and defines the mode of protection of human rights and reversal of the results of "ethnic cleansing".

29 June - Session of the Presidency of Bosnia- Herzegovina held in Sarajevo with the presence of ten members (chaired by Alija Izetbegovic). The Presidency discussed the current situation in Bosnia- Herzegovina, peace initiatives, particularly the latest proposal by the representatives of Republika Srpska and Croatian Community Herzeg- Bosnia. The Presidency decided that the task force encompassing Ejup Ganic, Miro Lasic and Miro Lazovic should prepare a proposal on the future arrangement for Bosnia- Herzegovina.

30 June - The UN Security Council adopted resolution 847, which extended UNPROFOR's mandate for an additional interim period terminating on 30 September 1993. The Secretary General was requested to report one month after the adoption of the present resolution on progress towards implementation of the United Nations peace keeping plan for Croatia and all relevant Security Council resolutions, taking into account the position of the Croatian Government, and decided to reconsider, in the light of that report, UNPROFOR's mandate in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

The UN Security Council rejected the draft resolution, proposed by a group of Islamic and non- aligned countries, non- permanent members of the Security Council, which demanded lifting of embargo on arms deliveries to Muslims in Bosnia. Six Security Council members (including USA) voted for the proposal, while nine abstained (including all other SC permanent members).

JULY

1 July - French general Jean Cotte entered upon duties of commander of the United Nations peace keeping forces on the territory of the former Yugoslavia. At the moment he took over this duty there were 25,000 soldiers and civilians within the UNPROFOR on the whole territory of the former Yugoslavia.

At its meeting in Prague the CSCE High Officials Committee rejected the proposal of the Yugoslav government on resuming the participation of FR Yugoslavia in institutions and activities of the CSCE and invited Yugoslavia to extend the mandate of the CSCE missions in Kosovo, Vojvodina and Sandzak.

2 July - The government of FR Yugoslavia stated to the representatives of the CSCE mission that their mandate in Yugoslavia had expired. The extension of the mandate of missions in Kosovo, Vojvodina and Sandzak was, as it was declared, closely tied to the membership of FR Yugoslavia in that organization on the basis of equality.

Tore Bog, head of the CSCE mission in Yugoslavia regretted for the decision of the Yugoslav government not to extend its mandate.

3 July - The UN Security Council Committee for Sanctions declared that Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine and Uganda suffered greatest losses for the sanctions imposed against FR Yugoslavia. The recommendation of the Committee was to urgently consider the ways that would help alleviate the negative effects of the sanctions on the economies of these five countries.

8 July - Within the seventh item of the Political Declaration adopted at the summit of Group of Seven in Tokyo, the leaders of the most industrialized countries of the world confirmed their commitment to the territorial integrity of Bosnia- Herzegovina, supported the negotiating process, invited all three warring parties to stop hostilities and expressed their willingness to support the solution all three parties would agree upon.

After visiting Zagreb Co- Chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia Owen and Stoltenberg met in Belgrade with Zoran Lilic, President of FR Yugoslavia and Slobodan Milosevic, President of Serbia. The purpose of the visit was to exchange opinions on the stage of negotiations reached in Geneva so far concerning resolving the Bosnian crisis and other issues related to the crisis in the former Yugoslavia.

9 July - At its meeting in Helsinki the CSCE Parliamentary Assembly rejected the proposal of the American deputies that the members of this forum should lift the arms embargo for the Muslims in Bosnia- Herzegovina.

13 July - Former Co- chairman of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia Lord Peter Carrington in an interview to French daily "Le Figaro" said that the premature recognition of the former Yugoslav republics of Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia- Herzegovina was a big mistake of the international community. He said he had warned European leaders that, by recognizing the republics, they would destroy all peace efforts and added that they listened to him, but did not hear him.

16 July - The Government of the Republic of Croatia signed the so- called Erdut agreement. As provided for by this agreement Croatia should withdraw its troops from the territories of the Republic of Srpska Krajina till 31 July 1993, in exchange for opening the pontoon bridge across the Maslenica channel and the Zemunik airport near Zadar. The agreement had been proposed by Arens and Volbek, deputies Co- Chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, and it had previously been signed by the Government of the Republic of Srpska Krajina.

17 July - Slobodan Milosevic, President of Serbia and Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia, met in Geneva. In a joint statement released after the talks they declared that "the only way for achieving lasting peace in Bosnia- Herzegovina is in recognizing the interests of all three constitutive nations and reaching agreement on establishing three republics within a confederation".

18 July - At its session in Sarajevo the ten member (Muslim) Presidency of Bosnia- Herzegovina decided to participate in the follow- up of negotiations with the Serbian and Croatian part, giving no comment on the joint proposal of the Presidents Milosevic and Tudjman on the confederation of three republics.

In accordance with the so- called Erdut agreement Franjo Tudjman, President of the Republic of Croatia, opened the newly built pontoon bridge across the Maslenica channel; the Zemunik airport was opened too.

19 July - At its meeting the ministers of foreign affairs of the European Community decided to send a high mission to Zagreb, Belgrade and Sarajevo calling on the initiation of tripartite negotiations on the peaceful settlement of the civil war in Bosnia- Herzegovina. The Belgian Minister, Vili Klas, chairman of the Ministerial Council of the EC, would convey "a message of warning" to Zagreb that sanctions would be imposed against Croatia unless the Croatian forces in Bosnia- Herzegovina stopped the ethnic cleansing and attacks on Muslims in Mostar and elsewhere.

22 July - Three day negotiations of the delegations of the Republic of Croatia and Republic of Srpska Krajina ended in Vienna with no success. The two parts should have signed the agreement on the cease-fire .

23 July - After its session the Security Council released a Presidential statement condemning the offensive of the Bosnian Serbs on the Igman mountain and demanding stopping all attacks on Sarajevo. The Security Council invited all parts in the conflict to meet in Geneva and seriously negotiate for the purpose of achieving a just solution of the Bosnian drama.

27 July - After several delays negotiations on ending the war in Bosnia- Herzegovina started in Geneva by opening a plenary session. It was participated by the leaders of all three warring parties - Karadzic, Izetbegovic and Boban, Presidents of Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia - Milosevic, Bulatovic and Tudjman, and mediators - Co- Chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia Owen and Stoltenberg.

30 July - At the Geneva negotiations all three parties accepted the compromise proposal of the international mediators Owen and Stoltenberg on creation of the Union of three republics of Bosnia- Herzegovina. The points at issue concerning the fixing of borders between the three republics were to be resolved afterwards. The military commanders of all three parties signed in Sarajevo the agreement on the urgent cease-fire on all fronts.

After the session of urgently summoned Security Council a Presidential statement was released demanding the immediate withdrawal of the Croatian forces from the area around Maslenica and enabling deployment of the UNPROFOR with no delay.

The deadline for withdrawal of the Croatian forces from the Maslenica area expired at midnight; the withdrawal did not take place.

AUGUST

2 August - In spite of rescheduling the deadline the Croatian forces did not withdraw to the positions determined by the Erdut agreement; the artillery of the Serbian army of Krajina fired several shells at the Maslenica bridge and put it out of use.

Bill Clinton, President of the USA, claimed support from NATO for the extended plan of air raids on the Serbian positions round Sarajevo and other protected zone - Muslim enclaves, softening the statement of the representative of the State Department, given the previous day, that the USA would solely take air raids on the Serbian positions if the allies did not give support.

Boutros Boutros Ghali, UN Secretary General, confirmed that, in accordance with the Resolution No. 836 of the Security Council, a possible decision on the use of air force in Bosnia- Herzegovina could be approved only by the UN Secretary General.

3 August - After the meeting of the Council of NATO, had taken place in Brussels, the Declaration was released stating that the Treaty was ready to take severe measures, including air raids against the responsible parts, the Bosnian Serbs and others, if they kept on laying siege to Sarajevo and other areas as well as in case of attack on the UNPROFOR. These measures would be implemented under control of the UN Security Council.

4 August - The forces of the Bosnian Serbs, after taking over the Bjelasnica mountain, also brought under their control the strategically important mountain Igman above Sarajevo.

The Geneva talks broke off since Alija Izetbegovic, leader of the Bosnian Muslims, said that he would not resume the negotiations until the Serbian forces withdrew from Igman and Bjelasnica.

5 August - Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, agreed that the Serbian forces should withdraw from Bjelasnica and Igman and let the UNPROFOR take the abandoned areas in order to prevent other forces from taking those positions.

6 August - Radoje Kontic, Federal Prime Minister, sent a letter to Madlen Albright, chairwoman of the UN Security Council, requesting the Council to take measures for the purpose of lifting the sanctions imposed against FR Yugoslavia, to approve the priority humanitarian imports beforehand, to give consent for unblocking the frozen assets of FRY abroad and approve the export of some products for financing the humanitarian imports.

After President of Croatia Franjo Tudjman had declared that "the Erdut agreement is not any more valid". Slavko Degoricija, leader of the Croatian delegation for negotiations with the Serbs from Krajina, said that Croatia agreed with the proposal on resuming the negotiations on cease-fire, to be followed by negotiations on all other separate agreements. Djordje Bjegovic, Prime Minister of the Republic of Srpska Krajina, replied that when Croatia fulfilled its obligations from the Erdut agreement the Serbian part would be willing to discuss all other issues.

9 August - The session of the Council of NATO took place in Brussels. In a statement released after the session it was said that NATO strongly supported the Geneva negotiations on resolving the crisis in Bosnia- Herzegovina, but it also expressed its willingness to conduct air force operations in Bosnia if the UN approved air raids.

The UN Security Council adopted the resolution demanding that the Government of FR Yugoslavia should enable the observers of the CSCE to keep on working in Kosovo, Sandzak and Vojvodina.

11 August - At the Sarajevo airport the commanders of the three warring parties in Bosnia- Herzegovina - Ratko Mladic, Milivoj Petkovic and Rasim Delic, and Francois Bruqmond, commander of the UNPROFOR for Bosnia- Herzegovina, signed the military peace agreement in Bosnia. The provisions of the agreement would be implemented immediately after adoption and signing of the Geneva peace documents.

14 August - Barry Fruer, representative of the UN peace keeping forces in BH, confirmed that the Serbian forces had withdrawn from the Igman mountain to the positions they had taken before 30 July. The UNPROFOR were taking over the positions on the Igman and Bjelasnica mountains.

The NATO Political Committee concluded in Brussels that at that moment there was no justification for taking air raids on the Serbian positions around Sarajevo, except in case of dramatical deterioration of the situation.

16 August - The peace negotiations on Bosnia- Herzegovina followed up in Geneva, and all three warring parties were present.

19 August - The Presidents of Serbia Slobodan Milosevic, Montenegro Momir Bulatovic, and Croatia Franjo Tudjman, joined the Geneva negotiations on Bosnia- Herzegovina.

20 August - After having separate meetings with the participants in the Geneva negotiations on Bosnia- Herzegovina, the international mediators Owen and Stoltenberg submitted to the parties at war the draft global peace agreement, including the constitutional principles of the future Union of republics and the proposal concerning the maps of partition of Bosnia- Herzegovina to three republics. It was proposed that in the following ten days all three parties should make consultations with their parliaments and express their opinion on the proposal, and afterwards to hold "the final meeting" in Geneva.

The UN subcommittee for protection of minority rights adopted in Geneva the Resolution on Kosovo, condemning FR Yugoslavia for "discriminatory measures and violation of human rights of the ethnic Albanians in Kosovo".

24 August - Thorwald Stoltenberg, Co- Chairman of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, submitted information to the Security Council on the final round of the Geneva negotiations on resolving the Bosnian crisis.

At the meeting of the Central Council of the Croatian Democratic Union that took place in Livno the Bosnian Croats proposed proclamation of "the Croatian Republic of Herzeg- Bosnia" within the future Bosnian- Herzegovinian Union of republics.

25 August - The UN Security Council adopted the Resolution No. 859, accepting with pleasure, among other things, the report of the special envoy of the Secretary General on the latest development of peace negotiations in Geneva and decisively inviting all three parties to find as soon as possible a just and global political solution based on a free will.

27 August - At its session on Jahorina the Assembly of the Republika Srpska adopted the proposal of the peace plan on Bosnia- Herzegovina; 55 deputies voted for, 14 against the proposal, and there were three abstentions.

Croatian Republic of Herzeg- Bosnia was proclaimed in Grude and the Assembly- parliament of this republic was established. The newly established parliament adopted, with one vote against, the decision on accepting all Geneva documents and the agreement on establishment of the Union of republics of Bosnia- Herzegovina, if accepted by the other two parties in conflict.

The Muslim parliament of the former Bosnia- Herzegovina unanimously made decision on the follow- up of negotiations in Geneva, but came out against the peace plan in the present form.

SEPTEMBER

1 September - The peace plan on Bosnia- Herzegovina was not signed at the Geneva conference since the Muslim part made new claims. The conference was interrupted, but the follow- up of the negotiations was expected.

3 September - The UN Security Council demanded resuming of the peace negotiations in Geneva and ending the war in Bosnia, stated Adolfo Raul Tajlhardat, chairman of the Security Council for September.

4 September - The Government of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia made decision to strictly apply the Security Council resolutions on the blockade imposed against FR Yugoslavia. Therefore the control of lorries was intensified on the frontier with FR Yugoslavia.

8 September - Bill Clinton, President of the USA, had talks in the White House with Alija Izetbegovic, leader of the Bosnian Muslims. President Clinton advised Alija Izetbegovic to resume the negotiations, promising that the American diplomacy would help the Bosnian Serbs and Croats make additional concessions regarding fixing boundaries between the territories in Bosnia- Herzegovina.

9 September - After visiting China, Ukraine and Russia Vladislav Jovanovic, Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs, returned to Belgrade. Minister Jovanovic stated that during all meetings he had had with his hosts the contribution of Yugoslavia at the Geneva negotiations had been stressed and as soon as peace was made in Bosnia- Herzegovina all three countries would be willing to help lifting the sanctions imposed against Yugoslavia.

The Army of the Republic of Croatia attacked the territory of the Republic of Srpska Krajina and took over the Serbian villages Divoselo, Citluk and Pocitelj near Gospic. The Serbian part responded by opening the artillery fire on the surroundings of Sisak, Karlovac and Duga Resa.

10 September - Thorvald Stoltenberg, Co- Chairman of the Conference on former Yugoslavia, invited Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia, to order his forces to stop the attacks on the territories where the Serbs live and to withdraw from the three villages they had taken over in Lika.

The centre of Banjaluka was blocked by tanks and armoured vehicles of the part of the military forces of the Republika Srpska. The crisis staff of this action called "September 93" demanded improvement of the position of soldiers and invalids and combat war profiteers whose arresting started immediately.

In its detailed report the Belgrade Bureau of the World Health Organization warned the international community that the position of health in Serbia and Montenegro was disastrous and the UN Committee for sanctions should urgently take measures in order to prevent the sanctions applied against FR Yugoslavia make the health services totally collapse.

12 September - Franjo Tudjman, President of the Republic of Croatia, ordered his armed forces to cease the fire in order to enable making of armistice with the Serbian forces in Krajina.

14 September - In a special statement the Government of FR Yugoslavia "most keenly condemns the latest aggression of Croatia on the Republic of Srpska Krajina...The Government of FRY hopes that the Croatian part will realize that it is also in its interest to stop with aggressive attacks...and turn to searching of solutions with RSK within the Geneva negotiations".

The UN Security Council adopted a Presidential statement "expressing deep concern for the resumed military conflicts in Croatia...and inviting both parties to immediately agree with the proposal of the UNPROFOR on the urgent cease-fire ". The Council also "demands that the Croatian Government should withdraw its armed forces to the positions they had taken before starting the offensive on 9 September".

Under the auspices of the UN, armistice was made since the Croatian part agreed to withdraw from the villages it had taken over on 9 and 10 September.

Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia, and Alija Izetbegovic, leader of the Bosnian Muslims, made agreement in Geneva on the immediate cease-fire between Muslim and Croatian forces in Central Bosnia. The agreement also provided for freeing of prisoners of war and ensuring of free passages for humanitarian convoys.

15 September - Visiting Albania Momir Bulatovic, President of the Republic of Montenegro, met in Tirana with Salli Berisha, President of Albania.

16 September - Alija Izetbegovic, Muslim leader and Momcilo Krajisnik, President of the Assembly of the Republika Srpska, met in Geneva and signed a joint declaration on the ways of making peace in Bosnia- Herzegovina. Urgent cessation of all hostilities and military conflicts between Bosnian Serbs and Muslims was provided for by this document, as well as freeing of all prisoners of war, disbandment of prisoner- of- war camps and giving guarantees for free movement of humanitarian convoys, civilians and work of humanitarian organizations.

17 September - After having talks with Radovan Karadzic, President of the Republika Srpska, representatives of the Crisis staff of the action "September 93" declared that the eight day protest had been completed. The tenks and 200 soldiers withdrew into the barracks. A state commission was established that would check all the assertions and demands made by the Crisis staff.

20 September - At the British aircraft carrier "Invincible", anchored in the Adriatic sea, was organised a meeting of all actors of the negotiating process on Bosnia- Herzegovina - Radovan Karadzic, Mate Boban, Alija Izetbegovic, then Presidents Slobodan Milosevic, Momir Bulatovic and Franjo Tudjman, Co- Chairmen Owen and Stoltenberg, and representatives of the USA Redmann and of Russia Churkin. The aim of this meeting was to make final harmonizations of the Peace plan on Bosnia. On his return to Sarajevo Alija Izetbegovic stated at the press conference that he himself was not content with the plan, but the final decision would be made by the Parliament of Bosnia- Herzegovina.

In his report to the Security Council Boutros Boutros Ghali, UN Secretary General, proposed extension of the UNPROFOR mandate in Croatia, expiring on 30 September, for another six months. As it was also proposed the UNPROFOR should be divided into three parts: for Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, while keeping the integrated command and administrative structure under control of the special envoy of the Secretary General and military commander.

24 September - With 68 votes "for" and 29 "against" the Representative House of the Assembly of the Republic of Croatia adopted conclusions stipulating the extension of the mandate of the UNPROFOR "on the territory of Croatia" by accepting demands "that all units of the Serbian rebels operating in the UNPAs and 'pink zones' should be disarmed and demobilized, that Croatia should immediately be enabled to exercise power in 'pink zones' and that refugees should be enabled to return to their homes. If these conditions were not accepted Croatia would require withdrawal of the UNPROFOR from the Republic of Croatia by 30 November 1993."

27 September - At the session of the newly established Constituent Assembly in Velika Kladusa 400 delegates unanimously made a decision on proclamation and establishment of the (Muslims) Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia within the Union of Republics of Bosnia- Herzegovina. Fikret Abdic was appointed President of the Province.

28 September - After the initiative of the Serbian Radical Party on passing a vote of non- confidence to the Republic Government, a statement of the Socialist Party of Serbia was distributed at the press conference that took place in Belgrade. Among other things the statement says that the Radical Party policy and behaviour of its leader Vojislav Seselj has been contrary to the SPS policy and interests of the Serbian people, that it reflects an extremely primitive chauvinism, hels bringing about isolation of Serbia from the world, stimulates warmongering atmosphere in Serbia, and that the society it strives is a insane combination of feudal autarchy and war communism. At the end of the statement it is said that "all political democratic forces and all honest people should join the fight against the evil personalized by Seselj ('a petty- politican from Sarajevo')".

In his speech at the session of the UN General Assembly Franjo Tudjman, President of the Republic of Croatia, demanded that special requirements of Croatia concerning the extension of the UNPROFOR mandate should be added to the new text of the Security Council Resolution - demilitarization of the Serbian forces and establishment of the Croatian jurisdiction over "the pink zones" in Krajina, and that lifting of the sanctions imposed against FR Yugoslavia should be stipulated by implementation of the peace plan in Croatia. "If in 48 hours the UNPROFOR mandate is not changed in accordance with the set requirements, the Republic of Croatia will demand that the UN should cease all their operations on its territory".

At a two day session of the informal Muslim Bosnian Assembly that took place in Sarajevo 349 representatives coming from the Muslim political, military, religious and intellectual circles discussed the proposed peace plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina; 53 representatives voted for accepting the plan, 78 voted against, while 218 voted "for" provided that the Bosnian Serbs should "give up more territories" to the Muslims.

29 September - The Assembly of Bosnia- Herzegovina, predominantly composed of Muslim deputies, accepted the Geneva peace plan for Bosnia provided that the Serbs should give up "the territories taken over by force", i.e. that the borders between the three republics within the Union fixed by the plan should be reviewed in favour of the Muslim Republic. Out of 69 present deputies 58 of them voted for such "conditional" acceptance of the plan. In that way the Assembly actually rejected the Geneva peace plan in the present form.

OCTOBER

1 October - At the session in Neum the Representative House of the newly proclaimed Croatian Republic of Herzeg- Bosnia made a decision to deny "all territorial concessions" granted to the Muslims if the Muslim part would not accept the Geneva peace plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina by 15 October at the latest.

2 October - The Assembly of the Republika Srpska (the session took place in Banjaluka) adopted the Declaration on the follow up of the peace process. Supporting the follow up of the peace process within the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia "Republika Srpska is forced", the Declaration said, " due to the rejection of the peace plan by the Muslim part, to deny all the concession it had given during the peace process in exchange for the instantaneous signing of peace". The Declaration also "appeals to the international community to immediately lift the groundless and inhuman sanctions against the Serbian nation".

5 October - UN Security Council adopted the Resolution No. 871 on the extension of the UNPROFOR mandate in Croatia for the next six months or till 31 March 1994. The Security Council "confirms the decisive significance of the full implementation of the UN peace plan for Croatia, including demilitarization of the UNPAs and re- wielding of power of the Republic of Croatia in 'the pink zones', and invites all signatories to the UN peace plan for Croatia and all interested parties, and particularly FR Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to cooperate in its full implementation".

7 October - The United Nations demanded from the Croatian government to give an explanation on the massacre of the Serbian civilians made by the Croatian army in the area of Medak pocket on 9 September, when 70 civilians were reported killed and 48 missing. The report of the UNPROFOR on "the deliberate killing of the Serbian civilians" was made public in Geneva and Zagreb and forwarded to Tadeush Mazowjecky, rapporteur of the UN Commission for Human Rights. Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia, ordered an investigation regarding the UN report.

8 October - Zarko Domjan, the Vice President of the Croatian Parliament, said that "the Croats should overcome the mental barrier and agree with the autonomy of the Serbs in Croatia" what was "a prerequisite for re- establishing the Croatian sovereignty over the occupied territories".

9 October - The Humanitarian Group within the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia warned in its report, presented in Geneva, that the effects of the sanctions imposed against FR Yugoslavia were detrimental. The economic embargo produced destructive effects on the Yugoslav economy that practically collapsed. It was estimated that almost 50 per cent of citizens of FR Yugoslavia could be treated as persons with inadequate means of support.

12 October - Tadeush Mazowjecky, the special rapporteur of the UN Commission for Human Rights, confirmed that the Croatian forces "systematically and deliberately destroyed houses, cattle and other property and killed 67 Serbian civilians too" when they were withdrawing from the area of Medak pocket in Krajina. Mazowjecky demanded that the Croatian government should carry out a detailed investigation of this case. In his letter to Mazowjecky, Mato Granic, Croatian Vice Prime Minister, replied that "all the victims in the action taken in Divoselo, Citluk and Pocitelj were killed in the fights, they were armed, wore uniforms and gave active resistance to the units of the Croatian army".

16- 17 October - The two day General Congress of the Croatian Democratic Union took place in Zagreb. Franjo Tudjman was reelected President of CDU, Mate Granic, Gojko Susak, Franjo Greguric and Nikica Valentic were elected vice Presidents of the party, while Jure Radic was elected secretary general.

20 October - Slobodan Milosevic, President of the Republic of Serbia, made a decision to disband the National Assembly of Serbia elected on 20 December 1992. In comformity with the decision of the President of the Republic and his own competences, Zoran Arandjelovic, the President of the Assembly of Serbia, made a decision on scheduling of elections for the National Assembly of Serbia that should take place on 19 December 1993. By disbanding the Assembly the mandate of the government also ceased, while it should remain in office until a new one was appointed. The decision on disbanding the Assembly of Serbia blocked the work of the Assembly of Yugoslavia, since the deputies from Serbia, making a half of the deputies of the House of Republics, could not participate in the work of this body.

21 October - On the invitation of Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia, Mate Boban, President of Herzeg- Bosnia and Fikret Abdic, President of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, met in Zagreb. The two Presidents signed the agreement on peace and cooperation between the two newly formed communities of the former Yugoslav republic Bosnia- Herzegovina.

22 October - On the invitation of Slobodan Milosevic, President of the Republic of Serbia, Radovan Karadzic, President of the Republika Srpska and Fikret Abdic, President of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, met in Belgrade. The two Presidents signed the Declaration in which they "solemnly conclude peace and announce the beginning of building of good neighbourly relations and comprehensive cooperation in the political, economic, traffic, cultural, sport and other fields". The Declaration was also signed by President Slobodan Milosevic.

29 October - In the form of a press release, read by Bernardo Sardenberg, chairman of the Security Council for October, the Security Council "unreservedly condemned" the killings of the Muslims committed by the units of the Croatian Council of Defence in the village Stupni Do. The Security Council required the UN Secretary General to prepare a report on those responsible for committing the killings; the report would be forwarded to the International Court for War Crimes committed on the territory of the former SFRY.

At its session in Brussels the European Council adopted a new Declaration on the former Yugoslavia, in which it invited all interested parties to immediately resume negotiations in order to achieve a just and lasting peace, and demanded abstaination from any act of hostility. The Council also condemned the crimes that had recently been committed by the members of the Croatian forces in Stupni Do.

NOVEMBER

2 November - The secret negotiations between the delegations of the Republic of Srpska Krajina and the Republic of Croatia took place near Oslo in Norway. The main questions on the agenda were the cessation of fire and all hostilities, and reestablishment of traffic and economic ties between Krajina and Croatia. The negotiations broke off after the intervention made by Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia, at the moment "when high degree of agreement was achieved and consent was made on almost all issues at dispute". At the same time President Franjo Tudjman declared in Zagreb that he was willing to offer "full autonomy" to the ethnic Serbs in the southern part of Krajina around Knin and northern part round Glina, where the Serbs made a majority of the population.

7 November - Fikret Abdic, President of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, met in Velika Kladusa with Vladimir Lukic, Prime Minister of the Republika Srpska and Jadranko Prlic, Prime Minister of Herzeg- Bosnia. On that occasion the three parties signed a joint declaration on development of the political and economic cooperation.

8 November - Ministers of Foreign Affairs of France and Germany, Alain Juppe and Klaus Kinkel, respectively, called for their partners in the European Union to consider the possibility of offering the economic assistance to FR Yugoslavia, or partial lifting of the sanctions, if the Serbs in Bosnia gave up another 3 per cent of territories to the Muslims.

In his official visit to FR Yugoslavia Carolas Papulas, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, met with Slobodan Milosevic, President of Serbia, Zoran Lilic, President of FR Yugoslavia and Radoje Kontic, Federal Prime Minister. Minister Papulas said that the economic blockade of FR Yugoslavia was absurd and that Greece would made efforts to animate the international community for the purpose of lifting of the blockade and sanctions.

9 November - Carolas Papulas, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, had talks in Podgorica with Momir Bulatovic, President of Montenegro, and then left for Zagreb where he would meet with Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia.

13- 14 November - On 13 November Vitaly Churkin, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia, met in Sarajevo with Haris Silajdzic, Prime Minister of the Bosnian Muslim government. He also met in Pale with Radovan Karadzic, President of the Republika Srpska. The next day he met in Zagreb with Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia. After finishing those talks Churkin declared that the agreement on Bosnia- Herzegovina should be followed by lifting of the sanctions imposed against Serbia and Montenegro.

16 November - The Bulgarian Prime Minister Luben Berov said that Bulgaria, Greece and Romania were considering the possibility of making a joint demarche in early 1994 for the purpose of easing the sanctions imposed against FR Yugoslavia.

17 November - The first session of the International Court for War Crimes Committed on the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia took place in the Hague. At the session the judges took oath. The prosecutor, 11 judges and office stuff of about 300 people would take part in the work of the Court which was expected to take four years.

18 November - Thorvald Stoltenberg, Co- Chairman of the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, submitted a report to the Security Council on the situation in the former Yugoslavia and possibilities for ending the war in Bosnia- Herzegovina. He concluded that the UN efforts had given visible results in improving the humanitarian assistance, preventing of spreading of the war and offering assistance in the negotiations, but that making peace, what was the fundamental objective, had not yet been achieved. Stoltenberg declared that "there is no longer any sense to speak of the (Serbian) aggression, since it is a civil war including the elements of interference of the neighbouring states, Serbia and Croatia".

21 November - The Government of FR Yugoslavia forward the Memorandum to the United Nations, World Health Organization and the whole world public saying that the rigorous and extended application of the sanctions had produced tragic and vast effects on the health of the population, and that by its character it was directed towards its destruction in a direct and organized way. The Memorandum appealed to them to take action in the Security Council for the purpose of lifting of the sanctions as an instrument of the political pressure and a kind of condemnation of the innocent people.

20- 22 November - The groups of prominent Croatian and Serbian intellectuals met in Zagreb in an attempt to build "a bridge of understanding and tolerance". Among other participants, the Serbian part was represented by Slobodan Selenic, Ljubomir Madzar, Dusan Makavejev, Aleksandar Nenadovic and Nebojsa Popov, and the Croatian part was represented by Slavko Goldstajn, Vesna Pusic, Viktor Ivancic, Jelena Lovric, Milorad Pupovac, Josip Zupanov and others. They issued a joint declaration saying that all participants acted "as citizens whose intention was to establish direct contacts between the two parties in order to try to reduce disagreements and misunderstandings. They consider the similarities and differences between the people the motives for talks and not for mistrust, hatred and war". The participants agreed to organize a return meeting in Belgrade.

22 November - At its session in Luxembourg the ministers of foreign affairs of the European Union member countries agreed to offer Serbia "gradual suspension" of the sanctions in exchange for territorial concessions the Bosnian Serbs should grant to the Muslims in Bosnia- Herzegovina as well as for the agreement on Krajina, or the "modus vivendi" status for the territories in Croatia controlled by the UNPROFOR. Complete lifting of the sanctions should be determined by "some further arrangements".

25 November - In the lecture delivered in London Lord Owen, Co- Chairman of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, assessed that the creation of "the dominant Muslim republic" in Bosnia was inevitable since Washington had destroyed his plan for Bosnia as a multiethnic state. If the warring parties agreed with proposed division of this former Yugoslav republic to three parts, Lord Owen was of the opinion that the Croatian and Serbian part "could possibly join Serbia and Croatia afterwards".

29- 30 November - The new peace negotiations on resolving the conflict in Bosnia- Herzegovina commenced in Geneva. Apart from the Presidents Slobodan Milosevic, Momir Bulatovic and Franjo Tudjman and the representatives of the three warring parties in Bosnia- Herzegovina Radovan Karadzic, Mate Boban and Alija Izetbegovic, Co- Chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, the conference was participated by the commanders of the UNPROFOR generals Cot and Burckmond, American and Russian special envoys Charles Redman and Vitaly Churkin, respectively, President of the UNHCR Sadako Ogatta, President of the International Committee of Red Cross Cornelio Somaruga, all ministers of foreign affairs of the 12 EU member countries, and others. In his statement Slobodan Milosevic pointed that "the European Community has made many errors in the Yugoslav crisis", that "the most tragic errors which is still being present and is at the same time the crime against the whole people, is the continued application of the sanctions imposed by the flagrant violation of the UN Charter". Milosevic proposed that the sanctions should be immediately suspended, and that final lifting of them should be tied to the implementation of the peace plan for Bosnia- Herzegovina; that the agreement should be immediately reached on the two key issues that had been left over - the status of Sarajevo and path to the sea; that all three parties should sign the peace plan and that it should be immediately implemented. The talks were conducted in plenary sessions as well as at the individual meetings between the interested parties. Since no significant progress was made in making approachment between the parties the talks were completed, but it was concluded that they should be continued on 12 December.

30 November-

DECEMBER

1 December - The two day meeting of the ministers of foreign affairs of the 53 member countries of the CSCE took place in Rome (the representatives of FR Yugoslavia did not participate in the meeting). Apart from the other issues the Yugoslav crisis was also discussed at the conference. In the final document of the conference the ministers called the warring parties in Bosnia- Herzegovina to "take initiative based on the EU action plan, presented in Geneva"; they declared that the territories protected by the UN (Krajina) "should be peacefully reintegrated into the political and legal system of Croatia" and that the international observes should be allowed to resume their missions in Kosovo, Vojvodina and Sandzak. They also said that "Yugoslavia should agree with all principles, commitments and decisions of the CSCE, since it is necessary condition for its participation in the CSCE".

1- 2 December - The talks between the representatives of the Bosnian Serbs and Muslims resumed in Geneva. They discussed the issues at dispute that had been left over, and these were the status of Sarajevo, fixing of borders between the Serbian and Muslim territories, and others. The negotiations gave no concrete results, but it was agreed that they should be continued.

4 December - The UN undersecretary Gurreckun informed the Security Council of the results of the latest round of negotiations in Geneva on resolving the crisis in Bosnia- Herzegovina. As it was pointed out the conviction prevailed that the further solutions should be sought within the division of that country to three ethnic entities. Creation of an independent Muslim state was also not excluded.

7 December - Japanese diplomat Yashuri Akashi took in Zagreb the office of the UNPROFOR representative for the former Yugoslavia. For this office he was appointed by Boutros Boutros Ghali, UN Secretary General. Up to that moment the office had been held by Thorvald Stoltenber who would remain at the post of the Co- Chairman of the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia.

10 December - At their meeting in Brussels the ministers of foreign affairs of the European Union member countries discussed the conditions that should be fulfilled "in order to consider the suspension of the sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro". Apart from the territorial concessions that the Serbs should grant to the Muslim part in Bosnia- Herzegovina and the modus vivendi for Krajina, the Muslim part should also be granted the path to the sea, the cease-fire should be achieved and observed and Sarajevo should be brought under the UN control for a two year period.

The elections were held in the Republic of Srpska Krajina for the Assembly and President of the Republic. 236,000 citizens went to the polls or 81 per cent of the registered voters. 350 candidates were nominated for 84 seats in the Assembly. The elections were annulled in six constituencies. The greatest number of seats in the Assembly won the Serbian Democratic Party of Krajina (Milan Babic) - 38, then the Serbian Radical Party of RSK - 18, the Serbian Democratic Party of the Serbian Countries - 17, etc. None of the seven candidates nominated for the President of the Republic won the necessary majority of 50 per cent of voters who went to the polls. Milan Babic won the greatest number of votes - 49.27 per cent, while the second- placed candidate Milan Martic won 25.92 per cent of votes. The second ballot for the two first- placed candidates nominated for the President of the Republic was scheduled for 23 January 1994.

16 December - Great Britain, Denmark, France, Holland, Italy and Germany established full diplomatic relations with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in spite of the fact that Greece opposed to this decision. The President of FYR Macedonia Kiro Gligorov said that "the Republic of Macedonia had no territorial claims to any of its neighbours".

19 December - Early elections were held in the Republic of Serbia for 250 deputies of the Assembly of Serbia. 4,136,532 voters went to the polls or 63 per cent of the total number of registered voters. The Socialist Party of Serbia won the greatest number of votes and seats - 37.9 per cent of votes and 123 seats, then DEPOS - 17.2 per cent and 45 seats, the Serbian Radical Party - 14.4 per cent and 39 seats, the Democratic Party - 12 per cent and 29 seats, the Democratic Party of Serbia - 5.2 per cent and 7 seats, the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Vojvodina - 2.9 per cent and 5 seats and the Coalition of the Party of Democratic Action and the Democratic Party of Albanians - 0.6 per cent and 2 seats. The other parties which nominated their candidates for the elections did not win the necessary census of 5 per cent of votes in some of the nine constituencies. None of the parties won the absolute majority of seats in the Assembly of Serbia.

20 December - On the initiative of the Muslim group of countries the UN General Assembly adopted the Resolution on Bosnia- Herzegovina. Among other things the blame for the civil war and its consequences was laid on the Serbian part, and partly on the Croats. It was also required that the Security Council should lift the embargo on the arms import to Bosnia- Herzegovina. 109 countries voted for the Resolution, there were 57 abstentions, and no vote was against. Among those which abstained were all permanent members of the Security Council, except the USA which voted for, and all European Union member countries. The UN General Assembly resolutions are not obligatory but are treated as recommendations for the Security Council.

21- 23 December - The peace negotiations on Bosnia- Herzegovina resumed in Geneva, and they were participated by Presidents of Serbia and Croatia, Milosevic and Tudjman, respectively, and the representatives of the warring parties in Bosnia- Herzegovina Karadzic, Boban and Izetbegovic. The Presidents of Serbia, Croatia, Republika Srpska, and Community of Herzeg- Bosnia agreed on the territorial concessions that should be granted to the Muslims, i.e. that 33,3 per cent of the territory of Bosnia- Herzegovina should belong to the Muslims for their future republic. The Muslim part agreed with such division in percentages, but it put forward some new claims since it was not content with "the quality of the offered territories" - some towns remained points at issue, as well as the paths of the Muslim republic to the sea and the Sava river, and the status of Sarajevo. The negotiations resumed in Brussels on 23 December, but they were interrupted and scheduled for 15 January in Geneva. The three warring parties agreed on the cease-fire during Christmas or till 15 January 1994.

26 December - Due to the noted irregularities the elections for the Assembly of Serbia were repeated at 40 polling places. The results of the repeated elections brought about no change in the number of seats won by the parties on the elections that had been held on 19 December.

The Organization of the Islamic Conference presented its statement in Dubai, requiring that the UN Security Council should lift the embargo on the arms delivery to the Bosnian Muslims, and that the international efforts should be directed towards re-establishment of "sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Bosnia- Herzegovina".